Training on Performance of Employees in Etihad Airways

Preparing on Performance of Employees in Etihad Airways This examination venture means to research the effect of preparing on the representatives of El Etihad, a notable aircraft situated in the Middle East with activities over the world. 1.1. Diagram Preparing and improvement assume significant jobs in the upgrade of individual capacities and expert headway of hierarchical representatives (Gerber Lankshear, 2000). Various changes have happened in the worldwide monetary and business condition since the finish of the Second World War. Such changes, which have increased in nature and degree since the 1980s, remember fast progression for innovation, the disassembling of physical and monetary hindrances between countries, the improvement of immediate techniques for correspondence across significant distances, and sharp decrease in expenses of universal travel (Gerber Lankshear, 2000). The exceptional increment in worldwide travel is an indispensable piece of globalization and has thus prompted monstrous beating in the carriers business (Craig Douglas, 2000). The carrier business has seen the rise of various new aircrafts over the world, even also settled and once well known aircrafts have needed to shut down. While new carriers like Ryan Air and Easy fly have come up in the UK, various new aircrafts have jumped up in China, India and the Middle East. Such development in the carrier business has brought about increase of rivalry, division of clients, and the rise of ease aircrafts and sanctioned excursions (Craig Douglas, 2000). Etihad is one such aircraft, which was set up in 2003 in Abu Dhabi and has in a brief timeframe become fundamentally both in activities and in deals. Working in a seriously serious condition, the association needs to improve its deals and operational efficiencies so as to make back the initial investment and become monetarily practical (Cra ig Douglas, 2000). It is broadly perceived that with every single other thing being equivalent, the upper hand of associations, both underway and in administration divisions, is controlled by the nature of hierarchical representatives and the degrees of client care (Eaton, 2001). The job of workers is particularly significant in administration segments like lodgings and aircrafts, where singular consumer loyalty is frequently reliant upon the nature of administration gave by hierarchical representatives. All cutting edge aircrafts, of all shapes and sizes, perceive the significance of representatives and their job in the accomplishment of upper hand and authoritative development (Eaton, 2001). Aircraft workers, both on the ground and the individuals what fly's identity is, picked with incredible consideration and prepared consistently and strongly so as to improve operational efficiencies, client support and upper hand. 1.2. Points and Objectives This exploration venture intends to decide the job of preparing of workers in Etihad aircrafts on the hierarchical proficiency, client support, and upper hand of El Etihad Airlines. Its destinations are as under To look at the job of preparing in progress of hierarchical proficiency and upper hand of associations. To examine how preparing can improve the exhibition of representatives in the carriers segment. To explore and survey the manners by which preparing can help the presentation of workers at Etihad Airways 1.3. Exploration Questions The exploration inquiries for this undertaking are surrounded as under: Exploration Questions 1: What are the authoritative points of interest of preparing? Examination Question 2: How can such points of interest improve the presentation of workers in the Airlines division? Examination Question 3: How can preparing improve worker and authoritative execution at Etihad Airways? Exploration Question 4: How will such improvement sway the operational and money related execution of Etihad Airways? 1.4. Terms and Definitions Terms and Definitions Subtleties Epistemological Approach The methodology of information Quantitative and Qualitative Methods The two fundamental strategies for social examination Populace The gathering of individuals or things under investigation in research ventures Test A little bit of the populace that is required to have the qualities of the bigger populace 1.5. Confinements of Study This examination will be constrained by the measure of data got to throughout examination of essential and optional sources. While broad endeavors will be made to get applicable data, it is truly conceivable that a few realities that are important may not be uncovered. Such insufficiencies could restrain the last examination and consequences of the task. 2. Writing Review Etihad Airways Etihad Airways was built up in July 2003, through the declaration of an imperial announcement by Sheik Khalifa, the President of the UAE. Etihad is the national bearer of the United Arab Emirates, and offers air venture out inside nation and to various other worldwide goals (iloveindia.com, 2009). It is situated in Abu Dhabi, the capital of UAE. The organization is yet to post a benefit and has confronted troublesome occasions in the wake of the worldwide monetary downturn of 2008 (iloveindia.com, 2009). Rivalry in the Airline Industry The aircraft business has confronted exceptionally testing occasions through the span of the previous decade and keeps on confronting multifaceted and predicament. The business endured very in the days after the September 11 assaults, when overall drops in air travel constrained various praised aircrafts, checking any semblance of Swissair, to seal tasks as a result of huge operational and money related misfortunes (Yousfi, 2008). The gigantic climb in fuel costs as of late, which in 2007 shot up to more than 140 USD per barrel and now drifts between USD 70 and 75 for each barrel, is unfavorably influencing the tasks and funds of all traveler aircrafts. The aircraft business, all inclusive, has endured misfortunes worth billions of dollars in ongoing periods and hopes to make an ostensible benefit of 0.05% in 2011 (Yousfi, 2008). Etihad has not recently been antagonistically influenced by unfriendly worldwide ecological conditions yet in addition by rivalry from solid Middle East air crafts like Qatar Airlines and Gulf Air. The association faces very solid global and neighborhood rivalry, and is thinking that its hard to earn back the original investment and from that point make benefits (Yousfi, 2008). Preparing and Development Preparing and Development establishes the general authoritative methodologies and strategies that are embraced by associations for helping workers to improve their individual and aggregate hierarchical capacities and aptitudes (Adiele, 2009). Preparing activities expect to manufacture workforces with better capacity so as to permit associations and representatives to achieve their targets for consumer loyalty and administration. Preparing speaks to all the exercises that are taken up, both by associations or independently by representatives, to improve worker execution in existing or related zones of business (Adiele, 2009). Preparing in associations contains two significant sections, for example interior preparing and outside preparing (Vemic, 2007). Inner preparing is given inside the association. Such preparing can be ordered into off-work and on-work preparing, on-work preparing representing the improvement of abilities through the genuine interest of laborers in their employments and off-work preparing representing learning upgrade through perception; either in study halls or in the work place (Vemic, 2007). Outer preparing speaks to preparing that is organized outside organizations, generally by specialists and experts (Vemic, 2007). Requirement for Training and Development Workers should be prepared for different reasons. While staffing of representatives is completed based on their general appropriateness for the occupations expected of them by method of instructive foundation and accomplishments, earlier preparing and working experience, changes in work place and natural conditions, just as modifications in work prerequisites, frequently expect workers to upgrade their aptitudes (Lowson, 2002). Preparing needs could emerge in light of reasons like (a) the teaching of new advances and work forms, (b) changes in assembling, administration or other work forms, (c) the need to get ready representatives for extra duties, (d) the need to get ready specialists to take on improved obligations, (e) the need to build up their mindfulness about natural and business conditions and (f) the need to create or modify their perspectives and practices (Lowson, 2002). Associations are logically underscoring on the significance of morals in the work place (Vemic, 2007). Present day associations are advising workers about the moral heading regarding their associations and the prerequisite for representatives to keep up moral sets of accepted rules. Aside from morals, preparing programs are much of the time intended to give representatives relational abilities and strife minimisation procedures (Vemic, 2007). Teaching of the prerequisite for safeguarding of work place concordance likewise helps laborers in improving their associations with others. Preparing likewise assumes a key job in teaching security in working procedures (Vemic, 2007). Advantages of Training and Development HR specialists are conceded to the positive advantages of preparing, for junior individuals from the workforce, however significantly more for directors and supervisors, for enlargement of individual and hierarchical efficiency and execution (Gerber Lankshear, 2000). Reasonable and very much arranged preparing helps laborers to build up their aptitudes and information, just as to secure new abilities. Numerous examinations have demonstrated that representatives can drudge impressively quicker and with lesser blunders after legitimate preparing. Such preparing permits them to carry out their responsibilities better and empowers them to take on new duties. While preparing helps hierarchical execution and effectiveness, it additionally builds worker worth and enlarges their incentive in the business showcase (Gerber Lankshear,

Learning From Failure: Biosphere Ii Essay

Biosphere II was a task done in Arizona got acknowledgment on 26th September 1991. Eight individuals; four men and four ladies were utilized in the examination. Biosphere 2 was a water/air proof structure with its base made of steel skillet and encompassed by an over the ground structure that was made of glass and steel. Inside the biosphere was everything that can possibly be found in reality. There was a desert, a bog, a downpour timberland, a savannah, an agrarian land, a sea and human Habitat. This was in an exertion of making something near the earth’s biological system. These individuals were to live on air, water and food created by plants (Allen and Blake, 2007). The objectives of the investigation were to decide the chance of building a counterfeit biosphere and the capability of such biosphere enduring. Likewise incase the biosphere didn’t flourish then the causes would have been built up. In any case, Biosphere II end up being an extraordinary disappointment which had expended a ton of assets in its foundation. Inconvenience began soon as the team got into biosphere II. To begin with, they encountered a deficiency in oxygen gracefully obstructing them from working admirably. The oxygen diminished to low levels with the end goal that a greater amount of it must be infused into the framework. At the point when the group had to siphon in more oxygen into the framework so as to continue them, this demonstrated biosphere II was not confident. From the outset they didn't make sense of what the issue was nevertheless they later found that was brought about via carbon dioxide which had amassed in the framework. The carbon dioxide gathered at an exceptionally high rate particularly in the savanna and downpour woods districts. This was related with the nearness of high natural issue which the microorganisms utilized and in the process devoured a ton of oxygen coming about to elevated levels of carbon dioxide. It was additionally expected that the trees would assume a critical job in managing measure of carbon dioxide noticeable all around and would have had the option to gracefully the team with adequate oxygen through the procedure of photosynthesis. Be that as it may, the plants didn't appear to achieve this job rather the degree of oxygen continued diminishing while carbon dioxide continued expanding a wonder that was later found to have been brought about by solid that was utilized to construct the biosphere II. Rather than carbon dioxide being spent by plants it responded with calcium hydroxide a significant segment of solid which came about to arrangement of water and calcium carbonate. This was affirmed by the researchers subsequent to testing the dividers and understanding that the internal surface of the dividers had calcium carbonate levels which were multiple times the degree of the external dividers (Alling, Nelson &Silverstone, 1993). While making their determination, the researchers had picked various types of creatures, creepy crawlies and plants that they thought would endure best in the biosphere II. Be that as it may, before the finish of the venture just a couple of animal categories had figured out how to endure. The pace of eradication was higher than anticipated and most creepy crawly species got wiped out which negatively affected the plants since they were did not fertilize anymore and along these lines couldn't spread themselves. Insights show that of the 25 types of little vertebrates present in Biosphere II just 6 made due before the finish of the mission. Anyway a few animal varieties were supported by the earth in biosphere II. While others got terminated; ants, cockroaches and katydids prospered along with some plant species, for example, the morning wonder. The morning greatness developed enthusiastically that it nearly stifled different plants. The team had no other option yet contributed a large portion of their time attempting to get food. They encountered a deficiency in food gracefully and confronted hunger more often than not. Before the multi year time frame finished the team had grown 85 percent of the food they devoured and got the remaining15 percent food from their crisis supplies. Since they depended on daylight which got through the glass to develop food, the winters of 1991 and 1992 influenced the measure of food they could develop (Marino, Odum &Thomas, 1999). This demonstrated the venture was unequipped for continuing a biological system that was adjusted. They likewise confronted different difficulties some of which remembered deficiency for clean water. This was because of contamination experienced in the water framework. Numerous supplements aggregated in the water frameworks along these lines dirtying it. They needed to clean their water utilizing green growth mats. Other barometrical lopsided characteristics went with the same pattern where by levels of dinitrogen oxide noticeable all around expanded in a disturbing rate to such an extent that the group gambled cerebrum harm since nutrient B12was blended at an amazingly moderate rate (Allen and Blake, 2007). The investigations deficiencies were likewise observed when the team fought. The individuals should cooperate as a gathering so as to draw out the best outcomes however this never occurred. Rather they split into bunches including four individuals each and arrived at the purpose of not conversing with one another aside from when it was important to run the biosphere. The exercises that can be gained from this bombed explore originate from the mix-ups submitted by the researchers. First we gain proficiency with the significance of setting aside some effort to arrange for whatever we mean to do. Before endeavoring anything one should take all estimates required for legitimate working of the venture. Likewise another basic factor to consider is the unwavering quality of the materials and hardware to be utilized in the undertaking (Alling, Nelson &Silverstone, 1993). In the event that legitimate materials had been utilized in development of the biosphere II, at that point the issue of lacking oxygen couldn't have happened. The significance of utilizing qualified work force likewise emerges. They utilized a draftsman who was bumbling this came about to planning biosphere II with numerous deficiencies. Anyway what can be discovered from this examination when all is said in done is the significance of relating great with one another. For anything to succeed then there ought to be participation among individuals concerned this means brilliant working conditions which prompts better result. References Allen J. and Blake A. (2007) Biosphere 2: the human examination . New York: Viking distributers. Alling A. , Nelson M. and Silverstone S. (1993) Life under Glass: The Inside Story of Biosphere 2. Prophet: Biosphere Press. Marino B. D. , Odum H. and Thomas M. (1999) Biosphere 2: Research Past and Present Amsterdam: Elsevier distributers.

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Assignment 3 Organizational an National Cultures in...

Assignment 1: Organizational and National Cultures in Polish-U.S. Joint Venture Global Business Manangement-510 Professor Sue Golabek Christi Griffin October 27, 2013 Introduction In multinational workplaces understanding how important the significance of cultural differences is larger than we might think. Organizations that are diverse have to work together because their functionality impacts the productivity of the workplace. It is vital to have an understanding the different cultures to develop a strong organization. Certain principles will help you acknowledge that different cultures exist within the organization. As a manager, you have to analyze the reasons for the development of the differences and†¦show more content†¦This posed a challenge for the Polish managerial experiences because they were still using a state controlled system and the U.S based their decisions to better the society as a whole. The Polish felt it necessary to resolve problems with their own interest at heart and not pay attention to the needs of other in the organization. When you only think about your own good, it hinders the organization from reaching succe ss as a team. It does focus on team building skills and lacks structure that is needed in every organization whether working independently or as a joint venture. The Hofstede dimension model can be helpful to the Polish community by applying human resource management skills to their operation, leadership styles, multinational assumptions, decision-making and organizational design, and building a strategy to assist in daily operations. The Polish can address the human resource management skills by selecting qualified workers. This will require them to train individuals and ensure they are knowledgeable of the core concepts of being a HR manager. The Polish organization will also have to evaluate the employees for managerial position and promote employees that meet the requirements for the position of a manager. Polish organization workers will then decide on how to compensate the qualified individuals and differentiate the pay from other workers. Every employee that is working there should not be on the same level meaning there should beShow MoreRelatedIntroduction of Sahara India Pariwar16656 Words   |  67 Pagesbefore Corporation Family before Fortune F. BUSINESS Sahara India Pariwar has diversified its business in the following fields: 1. Finance 2. Infrastructure amp; Housing 3. Media amp; Entertainment 4. Consumer Products 5. Manufacturing 6. Services amp; Trading. 1. Finance SAHARA INDIA FINIANCIAL CORPORATION LIMITED INDIAS LARGEST RESIDUARY NON-BANKING COMPANY IN THE PRIVATE SECTOR WITH THE HIGHEST YEARLYRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 Pages11. 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Previous editions  © 2009Read MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesmymanagementlab is an online assessment and preparation solution for courses in Principles of Management, Human Resources, Strategy, and Organizational Behavior that helps you actively study and prepare material for class. Chapter-by-chapter activities, including built-in pretests and posttests, focus on what you need to learn and to review in order to succeed. Visit www.mymanagementlab.com to learn more. DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT SKILLS EIGHTH EDITION David A. Whetten BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY Read MoreProject Managment Case Studies214937 Words   |  860 Pagesxi 1 PROJECT MANAGEMENT METHODOLOGIES 1 Lakes Automotive 3 Fems Healthcare, Inc. 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Handelian Influence on Music - 888 Words

Over time, the world has seen many outstanding musicians, and so much fantastic music. Each highly remembered composer or musician changed the way we think and see the world. They give us new ideas, and music is a wonderful way to convey moods and emotions. Each also slightly changed music itself. Handel was one of the greatest of these people. He was a superior composer who largely influenced and expanded music. Background George Frideric Handel was born in Germany, but found his future in England as a composer. Stanley states that: â€Å"Handel was by training and temperament a composer†¦ Like Mozart he possessed in the highest degree the supreme attributes of the musical dramatist† (105-106). The surprising thing is Handel was not raised to†¦show more content†¦(Stanley 104) He was able to write compositions in relatively short amounts of time. He would just keep going over his pieces until they became the masterpieces everyone knew him for. â€Å"Handel’s mature style is empirical and eclectic. His creative personality was so strong that he was able to assimilate what he wanted from whatever tradition he met, without awkwardness or incongruity, and to comprehend the new without abandoning the old† (Stanley 104). This ability to write in different cultures and to use both new and old techniques immensely helped Handel to reach all types of people. He was greatly loved by those who heard his music, and was an appreciated musician in many cultures. He could write for the different cultures and different age ranges, covering all genres and styles. George Frederic Handel George Frederic Handel Handel was excellent at writing to suit all circumstances. Lang explains â€Å"As we look at his life work from the perspective of the sum total of all genres, we discover that he was at ease in every style and every type, vocal or instrumental, capable of meeting Italians, Frenchmen, and Englishmen on their own grounds and rising above them† (570-571). Every place had its own culture and style. There also was the language barrier, but Handel could top them all. In the beginning of the 18th century, no one made English operas, all the music was brought from Italy.Show MoreRelatedThe Influence of George Frideric Handel on Music1165 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Over time, the world has seen many outstanding musicians, and so much fantastic music. Each highly remembered composer or musician changed the way we think and see the world. They give us new ideas, and music is a wonderful way to convey moods and emotions. Each also slightly changed music itself. Handel was one of the greatest of these people. He was a superior composer who largely influenced and expanded music. Background George Frideric Handel was born in Germany, but found his future in EnglandRead MoreBeethoven Annotated Biblography1525 Words   |  7 Pagesliving, and inflation. Beethoven-Haus Bonn is a museum located in the birth house of Beethoven. Information is based on documents onsite. Ardley, Neil. Music, an Illustrated Encyclopedia. New York, NY: Facts on File, 1986. Print. Gives all the pertinent details for a novice in classical music. Distinguishes the differences in types of music written by a composer. Lists the most popular works by Beethoven according to the kind of piece that was composed. While this source was not solely on BeethovenRead MoreThe Life and Musical Influence of George Frideric Handel1752 Words   |  7 Pagesprofession. However, George was allowed to take music lessons from a local organist, by the name of Friedrich Wilhelm Zachau, after Handel had impressed the Duke when he played the organ at the chapel. In his following years, Handel would travel to many places, accepting many different musical occupations. As Handel traveled, he was introduced to many of his musical influences. He wrote operas, oratorios, anthems, secular cantatas, and also wrote scarred music. Throughout his life, Handel would becomeRead MoreEssay on The Life and Musical Influence of George Frideric Handel1850 Words   |  8 Pagesprofession. However, Geor ge was allowed to take music lessons from a local organist, by the name of Friedrich Wilhelm Zachau, after Handel had impressed the Duke when he played the organ at the chapel. In his following years, Handel would travel to many places, accepting many different musical occupations. As Handel traveled, he was introduced to many of his musical influences. He wrote operas, oratorios, anthems, secular cantatas, and also wrote scarred music. Throughout his life, Handel would become

To Kill a Mokingbird Journals Free Essays

Never kill a mocking bird A mockingbird is a harmless bird that makes the world more pleasant. In To Kill A Mockingbird by Harper Lee, the mockingbird symbolizes Boo Radley and Tom Robinson, who were both peaceful people who never did any harm. To kill or harm them would be a sin. We will write a custom essay sample on To Kill a Mokingbird Journals or any similar topic only for you Order Now Scout’s father, Atticus, tells Scout and Jem, â€Å"I’d rather you shoot at tin cans in the backyard, but I know you’ll go after birds. Shoot all the blue jays you want, if you can hit’em, but remember it’s a sin to kill a mockingbird. â€Å"(p. 69) The mockingbird symbolizes these two characters because it does not have its own song. Whereas, the blue jay is loud and obnoxious, the mockingbird only sings other birds’ songs. Therefore, the mockingbird is seen through the other birds. The people of Maycomb only knew Boo Radley and Tom Robinson by what others said about them. Both of these characters do not really have their own â€Å"song† in a sense, and therefore, are characterized by other people’s viewpoints. This statement is a great metaphor and comparison of Boo and Tom. They keep to themselves and only want to help out the community. Personally I do have a Boo Radley in my life. My mom likes to keep to herself and doesn’t really like to go out places. She always says that she is fine where she lives and she would never try to change the people around her. She really is a mockingbird she loves to cook and care for us. I know that if it was on her hands to save us and god forbid her being harmed in return, she is the angel of the family and even though she tries to keep to herself we and she knows that e love her very much. She is a very calm person and only cares for those around her. First day of school Scout had a really bad first day of school. She started off with the wrong foot with her teacher. Although she wanted to go to school, Scout had a horrific day. Her teacher was upset because Scout could read. She also tells her that she is not allowed to read out loud. The teacher loans the Cunningham money for his lunch. He says he can pay her back tomorrow, Scout explains that he won’t be able to because he is from a poor family. Scout then gets her hands hit with a ruler. And at the end of hat school day, scout meets the Cunningham and beats him up in attempt to get back at him for making her start off the school on the wrong foot. I’m not a big fan of school. But then again, who is? I remember my first day of school, in America. It was bad I had no idea how to speak English due to that I was raised in Mexico. Kids would make fun and taunt me. It was really frustrating for me up through middle school until I â€Å"mastered† the language. I really do thank the kids that made fun of me though. It helped me try harder and harder. I don’t like to fight, and it’s kind of ironic because my dad always said â€Å"fight with your brain. Show them that you are in fact better than them. † And so I did I tried my hardest to be where I am now. Dead bird In to kill a mocking bird, Tom Robinson was convicted of a crime he did not commit. He was accused and convicted of raping Mayella Ewell, but the truth was that he never raped Mayella. It was all a cover up for Bob Ewell, Mayella’s father, for beating Mayella. The shown above is a mockingbird. As you can see it has been shot and it is dead, in the novel Atticus states that you should never kill a mocking bird because it is a sin. But this foreshadow for Tom Robinson. Tom Robinson is convicted purely because he is a black man and his accuser is white. The evidence is in his favor, that race is clearly the single defining factor in the jury’s decision. Atticus fights against racism, and a few other townspeople are on his side, including Miss Maudie and Judge Taylor. Jem and Scout also believe in racial equality, but are obviously in the minority because they’re kids. After the trial, Tom was taken to Enfield Prison Farm, which was about 70 miles away. This is where he would attempt to escape and be shot to death. This is a very ugly side of the world. Tom was killed for a crime he did not commit. It was al because he was balck and he lived on the south. Going back to his rights there were no blacks on the jury. Also he stated that he felt sorry for the girl. he helped when she asked for it. He was only there to help and he ot stabbed in the back by them. Victory without winning. Well, the question is how Atticus is victorious, not whether or not he won the case. Think about it, if you read the book. He got to bring out the truth, and he stood for right against everyone, even though it might cost him his place in the society of that small town. Ultimately, people respected him. Racism such as in To Kill a Mockingbird sometimes goes on because individuals do not feel racist but they continue in fear of their neighbors thoughts. Atticus stood for the moral high ground regardless of people and his defense was flawless. Even though the jury still voted out of fear and ignorance. Atticus really shows what the right thing to do is and that help the community as much as you can. Miss Maudie considers this as progress and a positive step towards real justice, although it may be a small, it is still â€Å"one in the right direction†. Atticus adds that although he cannot be sure who it was, at least one person on the jury took an initial stance for Tom’s innocence, and he thinks that person was Mr. Cunningham. He guesses this from the awkward writing on the slip of paper used to write the verdict. Atticus makes a great fight for justice in this case and is respected in his whole town. I think that now people will start to respect the African americans in their community because they’ve been mistreated for so long and Atticus makes the first step in that town. Tree Findings One day Scout finds gum in the tree near the Radley home. On the last day of school the Jem and Scout walked home together in their way, they find a package covered with foil and containing two scrubbed, Indian-head pennies and two Soap Dolls of a boy and a girl  that looked like them in the tree near the Radley Place. They think Boo put them there for them to find. Throughout the story the kids try to get a peek at Boo but they never can, but in many pccasion Boo helps the kids and protects them. Near the end of the story Boo saves Jem And Scout from nearly being killed. He kills Bob Ewell by stabbing him, thus saving the Finches. Boo Radley really remind me of my grandparents. When I was a kid they would always hide gifts around the house, and told us to find them, once year they hid stuff on the trees in or back yard and it took us 2 days to find them all. They really knew how to make us waste time and play around. Another similarity between them is that they always tried to protect us even if had done something bad. They would always tell my mom not to yell us for doing bad stuff, but she still did. My grandparents really took care of us when we were young and I’m really thankful for it. Role Model. Atticus can be described as a calm, courageous, intelligent and intellectual man, who understands human nature and f moral values in life. Jem makes it clear that he is his role model. He wants to be just like him. They both show their need for each other. Throughout the novel, their relationship continually grows stronger as they remain supportive for each other. In the beginning He felt humiliated because Atticus was different from other parents. Atticus was a lot older and did not fish and hunt like other parents. Jem’s feelings towards Atticus change. When, the mad dog was coming towards the finch’s home and Atticus is called immediately. To Jem’s greatest surprise, Atticus shoots the dog without any hesitation. My role model Is my father. He has been though a lot during his life. From him getting married when he was 16. He has made it this far in life with 3 kids that look up to him. He has had 2 vertebral operation and an arm operation and he is still o top of his â€Å"game†. My father is the strongest man in the world and I respect him for being who he is. He Is a straight forward man and isn’t afraid to speak his mind. He would always tell me to â€Å"fight with my brain and not my arms† which I find very ironic due to that that is what is said in the novel. he has helped me through so much and I thank god for giving me the best father of them all. No offence to all other fathers but mine is the best. Growing up. Scout and Jem grew up in a small town where everyone knew everyone, and everybody followed the same costumes. But her family was different. They didn’t follow the costumes they adopted Atticus’ way of life and way to see it. Most of the people from Maycomb were arrogant, racist, ignorant man from the south. Atticus was different he didn’t believe in racism he stood for what was right at all times and taught his children this way. Scout and Jem had not sin in their hearts but they knew right from wrong. They knew that the people of Maycomb were ignorant and were treating not only Tom Robinson but the other blacks and boo the same way. The way I was raised I was always told to not look down on people. My parents always said that everyone is going to be better than you at some things and you have to deal with it and if you don’t want to, well then try harder. I was always told not to discriminate others because I would be discriminated too, for being Hispanic. The one thing I really never want to lose is respect. Respect is the most important feature to have if you have respect you have trust and everything derives from respect. If you don’t have respect you don’t have anything, Atticus had a lot of respect from other he was the talk of the town. He and his family gained a lot of respect because of Atticus and how he made a step forward and set an example in his town. Don’t judge a book by its cover. Susan Boyle is a Scottish singer who came to public attention when she appeared as a contestant on the TV show Britain’s Got Talent singing â€Å"I Dreamed a Dream†. At the beginning she seemed unimpressive she seemed like she was just going to embarrass herself. People thought she had no talent and that she was goober. Simon the judge from Britain’s got talent was very skeptical and even laughed at her so did many people from the audience. But to their surprise Susan shut them and up and showed them who was boss. She was an extraordinary singer. Claps and cheers were heard from the stands. When you watch the video of the performance it will sure give you goose bumps. Jem and scout were also skeptical about Atticus. He never played football or went hunting like all the other parents. He wouldn’t even teach them how to use the air rifles when he bought them for them. They were ashamed of him because he wasn’t very manly or outdoorsy. But one day when a mad dog was heading towards the finch’s house Atticus was called home from the city in attempt to protect his kids. To everyone’s surprise Atticus shot the dog in the head with one bullet, while the dog was running. This really shocked Scout and Jem because they had never seen this side of their father. Heck Tate told the kids that his father was nicknamed â€Å"one shot finch† for his great accuracy with guns. Both Atticus and Susan surprised the people around them because they didn’t appear to have the required abilities to do what did, but they ended up being pretty darn good at it. How to cite To Kill a Mokingbird Journals, Essay examples

A Hero Essay Example For Students

A Hero Essay A hero is often a man that is usually of divine ancestry. A hero or heroine can be found in many different forms. There are certain characteristics that make up a hero or a heroine. Some of those characteristics are someone who is endowed with great courage, loyalty, obedience, cleverness, strength and someone who is noted for special achievement in a particular field. Depending on the book or the character a hero or heroine could show one heroic characteristics or more and still considered to be a hero. The hero, Beowulf, is a seemingly invincible person with all the extraordinary traits required of a hero. He is able to use his super-human physical strength and courage to put his people before himself. He encounters hideous monsters and the most ferocious of beasts but he never fears the threat of death. His leadership skills are superb and he is even able to boast about all his achievements. Beowulf is the ultimate epic hero who risks his life countless times for immortal glory and for the good of others. Beowulf is a hero in the eyes of his fellow men through his amazing physical strength. He fought in numerous battles and returned victorious from all but his last. In his argument with Unferth, Beowulf explains the reason he lost a simple swimming match with his youthful opponent Brecca. Not only had Beowulf been swimming for seven nights, he had also stopped to kill nine sea creatures in the depths of the ocean. Beowulf is also strong enough to kill the monster Grendel, who has been terrorizing the Danes for twelve years, with his bare hands by ripping off his arm. When Beowulf is fighting Grendels mother, who is seeking revenge on her sons death, he is able to slay her by slashing the monsters neck with a Giants sword that can only be lifted by a person as strong as Beowulf. When he chops off her head, he carries it from the ocean with ease, but it takes four men to lift and carry it back to Herot mead-hall. This strength is a key trait of Beowulfs heroism. Another heroic trait of Beowulf is his ability to put his peoples welfare before his own. Beowulfs uncle is king of the Geats so he is sent as an emissary to help rid the Danes of the evil Grendel. Beowulf risks his own life for the Danes, asking help from no one. He realizes the dangers but fears nothing for his own life. After Beowulf had served his people as King of the Geats for fifty years, he goes to battle one last time to fight a horrible dragon who is frightening all of his people. Beowulf is old and tired but he defeats the dragon in order to protect his people. Even in death he wished so secure safety for the Geats so a tall lighthouse is built in order to help the people find there way back from sea. The most heroic of traits within Beowulf is that he is not afraid to die. He always explains his death wishes before going into battle and requests to have any assets delivered to his people. He is aware of the heroic paradox; he will be glorified in life or death for his actions. He knows that when he fights an enemy like Grendel or Grendels mother he will achieve immortality as the victor or the loser. Even with the enormous amount of confidence Beowulf possesses, he understands that Fate will work its magic no matter what and he could be killed at any point in his life. He faces that reality by showing no fear and preparing for a positive or a fatal outcome. .u9c058e879ea69c928810af3696bdaf1f , .u9c058e879ea69c928810af3696bdaf1f .postImageUrl , .u9c058e879ea69c928810af3696bdaf1f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u9c058e879ea69c928810af3696bdaf1f , .u9c058e879ea69c928810af3696bdaf1f:hover , .u9c058e879ea69c928810af3696bdaf1f:visited , .u9c058e879ea69c928810af3696bdaf1f:active { border:0!important; } .u9c058e879ea69c928810af3696bdaf1f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u9c058e879ea69c928810af3696bdaf1f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u9c058e879ea69c928810af3696bdaf1f:active , .u9c058e879ea69c928810af3696bdaf1f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u9c058e879ea69c928810af3696bdaf1f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u9c058e879ea69c928810af3696bdaf1f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u9c058e879ea69c928810af3696bdaf1f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u9c058e879ea69c928810af3696bdaf1f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9c058e879ea69c928810af3696bdaf1f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u9c058e879ea69c928810af3696bdaf1f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u9c058e879ea69c928810af3696bdaf1f .u9c058e879ea69c928810af3696bdaf1f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u9c058e879ea69c928810af3696bdaf1f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Tactics During The Revolutionary War EssayBeowulf is the prime example of an epic hero. His bravery and strength surpass all mortal men; loyalty and the ability to think of himself last makes him revered by all. Beowulf came openly and wholeheartedly to help the Danes which was an unusual occurrence in a time of war and wide-spread fear. He set a noble example for all human beings relaying the necessity of brotherhood and friendship. Beowulf is most definitely an epic hero of epic proportions. In the play Macbeth by William Shakespeare, we discover that Macbeth is a tragic hero. Macbeth is very ambitious, courageous, and a moral coward. All of these things lead to his tragic death at the end of the play. At the beginning of the play, Shakespeare defines Macbeth as a hero very clearly. From the courages in defense of Scotland is significant in the opening scene. However, he is very ambitious to be king. At the beginning of the play, he was loyal to the king. Yet increasingly his ambition defeated his good nature. When Duncan named Malcolm the Prince of Cumberland, Macbeth decided on the murder of Duncan. When Duncan arrived at Inverness, Macbeth controlled his ambition for the time being and did not kill Duncan. The failing of his decision was soon reflected by Lady Macbeth who called him a coward. From then on, after the murder of Duncan, Macbeth entered into a life of evil. Since he overcame his good nature, he no longer needed to be with his friend Banquo. He wanted to protect his ambition, by killing the king, and now he killed Banquo, due to the prediction of what the witches said about Banquos son becoming the king. Macbeth wanted to ensure that he would reach his ambition without problems. Macbeth, who now no longer needed any encouragement from Lady Macbeth, started to leave her in ignorance of his plans. Near the end of the play, Lady Macbeth sleepwalked and had a dream about the killing of Duncan and Banquo. She died because of all this pressure and her guilt about the murder.The power of nemesis is shown clearly at the end of the play when Macduff came back to murder Macbeth. Macbeth would never have guessed that Macduff would come back for revenge for the killing in Macduffs household. This nemesis shows an additional force beyond Macbeths control. Because of Macbeths strong beliefs in ambition and the witches, when he found out Macduff was not born of woman, and also found out the Birnam Wood had been seen moving, he realized that the third apparition had deceived him and he understood he was no longer safe. Through the development of this tragedy, Macbeth has turned from a fine natured person to an evil person. His ambition, strong belief in the witches, has brought him to a tragic end of his life, and caused many people to lose their lives. In these two works Macbeth and Beowulf we see how the hero of each book clearly shows their traits of being a hero throughout the story. Each character varies in the traits that makes him a hero. Traits and qualities are what makes a hero what he or she is. A hero is usually honored by his or her followers, in the cases of Beowulf and Macbeth they were both honored and respected by their peoples. The characters Macbeth and Beowulf are classic examples of a heroes. English

A Band Of Brothers essays

A Band Of Brothers essays This book takes the reader on a great journey, one filled with excitement and sadness. The reader is a rifleman in Easy Company, 506th Parachute Infantry Regiment, 101st Airborne Division, U.S. Army, the greatest rifle company in the world. It all starts at Camp Toccoa, Georgia, then escalates to D-Day (Their first combat jump), and then to Hitlers Eagles Nest at Berchtesgaden. Basic Training at Fort Toccoa was the toughest BT in the Armed Forces. At Toccoa, they took in baby-faced recruits and turned them into lean, mean killing machines. Each of the 140 men and 7 officers who had come to Ft. Toccoa had either been an athlete or a hunter in high school. Toccoa was so tough that many of the OFFICERS didnt make it through there. The instructors in Georgia were very tough on these men. They knew that they had to be in supreme physical condition, or else they would never survive. To get these men in top physical condition, the drill sergeants ran the men up and down a hill that they called Currahee (Indian for We stand alone.) This hill was 3 miles up and 3 miles back. The men ran this hill at least once a day, if not twice. By the time the men shipped out of Georgia 8 weeks later, they were in the best fighting shape of their lives. On the night of June 6, 1944, the men from Easy Company loaded up into 8 c-47 carrier planes. Flying over Normandy, many planes were hit and began to go down, so men had to jump from 250 feet while going 150 miles an hour. When they actually hit the ground, many of the men could not find their gear and had to sometimes make do with just a field knife. As the men landed, (they were scattered about 5 miles apart, as the planes had been blown off course by the Anti-Aircraft fire.) they tried to group together in bands and make their way to the rallying point. Many men were killed, because they would accidentally walk right into a German ma ...

The Latin Word for Breathe Inspired Many English Terms

The Latin Word for Breathe Inspired Many English Terms The Latin Word for Breathe Inspired Many English Terms The Latin Word for Breathe Inspired Many English Terms By Mark Nichol The Latin verb spirare, meaning â€Å"breathe,† is the source of a number of verbs (and other parts of speech). Here’s a summary of these words and their meanings. Aspire literally means â€Å"breathe on†; the connotation is that one breathes heavily with the exertion of aspiring to a goal. The modern sense of aspire is â€Å"try to be or do something,† and the noun form aspirant refers to someone who is a candidate or contestant. To conspire (the word literally means â€Å"breath together†) is to plot, or plan a scheme with others. Plotters are also called conspirators, and conspiracy is a synonym for plot. Expire means â€Å"breathe out† but usually connotes the end of an offer or of a product’s shelf life; the noun form is expiration. (In Latin, expirare also meant â€Å"die,† and this sense carried over into English, although it is now rare.) The literal meaning of inspire is â€Å"breathe in†; the figurative sense derived from the idea that a deity breathes life into a mortal. The verb and the noun now chiefly pertain to that sense- of having an emotion or a feeling that prompts one to create or to cause something to happen. (An inspiration can also be someone or something that has a role in the accomplishment of a creative act or an event.) Perspire, meaning â€Å"breathe through,† is associated with the production of sweat; the noun form is perspiration. The verb respire (literally, â€Å"breathe again†) is rare, but the noun form respiration, which refers to the breathing cycle of inhaling oxygen into the body and exhaling carbon dioxide, is common. Suspire (literally, â€Å"breathe under†) is a rare synonym for sigh. Transpire, which literally means â€Å"breathe (or evaporate) across,† refers to evaporation of water from leaves (a process called transpiration) but has, by extension, come to mean â€Å"become known† as well as â€Å"happen† or â€Å"occur,† now the predominant senses of the word. Two technical terms derived from the Latin root are spirant, a linguistic term for a breathy consonant, and spirometer, the name of a device for measuring lung capacity; the principle is called spirometry. Finally, a related term is spirit. The word has multiple meanings: It became associated with divine power (see the reference to the figurative sense of inspire above) and, by extension, came to pertain to one’s character or nature, or the essential principle of something, and to denote courage, enthusiasm, or vigor. (Also based on the supernatural sense, it serves as a synonym for ghost.) In addition, it acquired in alchemy an association with volatile substances and ultimately came to be applied to alcoholic beverages. (Spire, referring to a tapering element such as the pinnacle of a tower, comes from an unrelated word for a sharp point; spear, however, is cognate with spire. Spiral, likewise, is unrelated both to the -spire family of words and to spire and spear.) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Using "a" and "an" Before Words7 Tips for Writing a Film ReviewApostrophe with Plural Possessive Nouns

Little Red Riding Hood and the Wolf from Roald Dahl's Essay

Little Red Riding Hood and the Wolf from Roald Dahl's - Essay Example Consequently, she is able to be a mistress of her own, daring all kinds of situations, without outside help. She is also seen seen stripping herself of the â€Å"silly† red riding hood that was presented to her by an over-protective society (Dahl, 40). She is depicted as a young woman who has finally got rid of her self-image of vulnerability, imposed upon her by the society. Dahl has peripherally sticked to the original version of the story of Little Red Riding Hood until by the end. But by imparting the authorship of restoration to Little Red Riding Hood herself, he (Dahl) has banished the outside help that came to rescue her in the original story (40). The uniqueness of this story unlike many other popular fairy tales is in that it has always been open to new interpretations. There are many versions of the story already available and Dahl's attempt at a new interpretation hence seems to be becoming of the spirit of the story. Dahl has begun his story from the middle without introducing the heroine, Little Red Riding Hood (36). It is the wolf instead who takes center stage of the narrative (Dahl, 36). The story is reversed in an act mindful of the time that has passed since the story was first told. In other words, Dahl seems to believe that it is high time Little Red Riding Hood realizes the betrayal of the wolf and be prepared to handle it. So she is seen redrafting her original queries to the wolf once she arrives at her grand mother's hut (Dahl, 40). Parallel to this, it can be seen that the villainy of the wolf did not get updated in time (Dahl, 40). He is practicing his centuries old trick while Little Red Riding Hood has grown into the self-confident lass that the author meets later in the woods (Dahl, 40). The author (Dahl) has used Little Red Riding Hood material as a metaphor that tells the story of the empowerment of modern woman. She is once and for all breaking the stereotyped molds that the society has been putting her in since centuries (Dahl). She turns to be a little surprise for all as to the author (Dahl) of the story and he says, â€Å"But what a change! No cloak of red, No silly hood upon her head.† (40). Dahl has also got rid of the moralizing elements of the story-the dictate of the mother that the girl should not talk to strangers, and that she should not stray from her path. In Dahl's version, it does not matter whether Little Red Riding Hood talked to strangers on the way or whether she strayed a little from the forest path and picked some wild flowers. Windling has opined that this story, now told as a â€Å"cautonary tale†, meant to be a warning to the girls who disobeyed their parents' advice, had originally been a tale of â€Å"female initiative and maturation.† Windling has explained how this story was meant to be one of female initiation into sexual experiences. He has added that in the â€Å"Victorian middle-class† anxieties turned this tale into a moralizing one that t ells how led by her own â€Å"sensual drives†, Little Red Riding Hood fails to obey her mothers' cautions and nearly looses her â€Å"virtue†. On the other hand, in Dahl's tale, it might have been these very sensual experiences of straying from the prescribed path that could have given her the courage to put three bullets into the wolf's head, in the end (Dahl, 40). Dahl's Riding Hood is a woman who has sexual freedom and fearlessness. As Windling noted, in the original story, the wolf is a ware wolf, who can take on the shape of

Pharmaceuticals and Herbs Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Pharmaceuticals and Herbs - Research Paper Example 7 vi. Use of Cannabis as medicinal herb by different cultures†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 8 3. Pharmaceutical drugs in a culture †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 9 4. How pharmaceutical drugs and culture interrelate†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦11 5. Conclusion †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.13 Pharmaceuticals and Herbs Introduction Pharmaceuticals and herbal medicines might take different approaches to healing. However, that does not mean that they can not have a combined excellence. Most modern herbalists accept that pharmaceuticals are most effective in emergency periods. For instance, it works well where a patient is experiencing acute heart attack that poses imminent danger. Conse quently, pharmaceuticals might have very grave implications on the body. This evidence and experience is supported by chemotherapy patients. On the other side, herbal medicine might be more beneficial particularly in recovery and prevention since it helps to improve the immunity and offers nutritional advantages that pharmaceuticals lack. This paper therefore aims at examine how culture has impacted the development of pharmaceutical drugs. ... Cultural belief observes that diseases are more likely to invade the body of a person who has negative thinking, or lives an unhealthy lifestyle. This cultural observation is true and is supported by scientific reports on mental disorders. According to Native American healers inherited conditions, such as birth defects, are as a result of immorality and lifestyles of the parents therefore and as such are not easily treated. There are many types of cultural healing practices, and they are so forth advocated as to help with a variety of illnesses. Some of the most common aspects of cultural healing include the use of herbal remedies, purifying rituals, shamanism, and symbolic healing rituals to treat illnesses of both the body and spirit. Herbal remedies are used to treat various physical conditions. Practitioners of herbal medicine use cleansing and purifying rituals to the body and set up the person for healing. This idea and approach is also practiced by pharmaceuticals but might ha ve it observed differently to prepare patients for treatment. For instance, pharmaceuticals use laboratory-tested purifiers to cleanse and prepare patients. Native Americans use of herbs in medicine According to studies, scientific and cultural Native American healing has been in use in North America for a period of over 40,000 years. It evidently has roots in common with different cultures like the ancient Chinese and Ayurvedic traditions (Zimmerman 63). However, it has also been necessitated by the natural environment which Native Americans settled upon, the nature, plants, and animals around them. There are various cultural Native American healing practices. This is because there are varied cultures and

Government Intervention in the Health Care Market

Government Intervention in the Health Care Market Naif Almutairi a) As an economic adviser to the Health Minister, how would you respond to the following question raised by a member of parliament? It is more of a basic human right to have access to food than to health care. Why do governments intervene more directly in markets for health care compared to markets for food? Introduction In the western political tradition, basic human rights are universal: all rights are necessary in order to make up the fundamental requirements of a human being (Donnelly, 2013). However, in practice, human rights are hierarchical. As Montgomery (2002:373) declares, peoples actual experiences with human rights reveal which ones are the most prevalent in their daily lives, and thus provide a possible basis for estimating their relative importance and for adopting appropriate policies. Different cultural groups and nationalities have different experiences of human rights (Donnelly, 2013). For example, people from high income countries such as Britain have few experiences of the right to food, yet frequent (and even inevitable) needs for the right to health care (Macklem, 2015). As a result, it can be argued that while food is more of a basic right to life (i.e. without food one cannot live) than the right to have access to health care, the latter is far more applicable to the delivery of human rights in the social, economic and political context of early twenty first century Britain. This essay will examine the problem of basic rights in greater detail, looking in particular at the reasons why the government tends to intervene more directly in health care markets than markets for food. As will become apparent, in order to understand the issue, it is essential to consider the unique nature of the health care marketplace, and the underlying need for government regulation that this necessarily entails. Government Intervention in the Health Care Market In order to understand why governments intervene more frequently and directly in health care markets, it is essential in the first instance to consider the nature and the function of the marketplace. For most commodities (including food), the market performs a simple function that permits buyers and sellers to exchange a good or service for a fee (Harvey, 2011). Free markets therefore allow the price of the good or service to be determined by: (1) supply and demand; and (2) resources available (Harvey, 2011). Prices for food products are agreed by both the buyer and the seller with supply and demand dictating the pattern of the interchange between the consumer and the producer (Donaldson Gerard, 2005). Viewed from this perspective, in a free market place (i.e. a marketplace that is characterised by an absence of government intervention) consumers are sovereign (Taylor Mankiw, 2014). Consumers are thus free to make choices and producers respond in kind (Taylor Mankiw, 2014). However, the health care market is fundamentally different from food and other commodities that are bought and sold in the marketplace (Klein, 2005). Two points in particular are apparent. Firstly, when a consumer becomes seriously ill and needs to enter the health care marketplace, the costs of goods and services are likely to be extremely high (Donaldson Gerard, 2005). For example, for the vast majority of consumers, the costs of complex surgery will far exceed what the customer is able to afford. Thus, consumers in the health care market place are not sovereign economic actors as they are in food markets where hunger is alleviated according to what kind of food the consumer can afford (Wiseman Jan, 2011). Secondly, unlike consumers of food, health care consumers cannot predict when they will become sick or what their future health care needs might be (Donaldson Gerard, 2005). Therefore, consumption in the health care market is not determined by choice but, rather, by uncertaint y (Wiseman Jan, 2011). As a consequence, in the health care market, most transactions occur between insurers and health care providers rather than between the consumer and the commodity producer (Guinness Wiseman, 2011). This, in turn, ensures that transactions which occur in the health care market place are influenced by complex processes of risk management, information asymmetry resulting from consumer ignorance and negative externalities (i.e. where health care exacts a cost to all consumers regardless of whether or not they are purchasing any products) (Guinness Wiseman, 2011). Consequently, in the health care market, prices are not determined by supply and demand; rather, prices are determined by interactions between insurers and suppliers, and health care providers (Taylor Mankiw, 2014). Furthermore, unlike in other commodity markets, the price of health care is not affected by the quantity or availability of resources: when the consumer is sick they have no option but to purchase the product that can make them better (Wiseman, 2011). As a result, stripped of the power and influence of sovereign consumers, the health care market is fundamentally distorted. Where, in an ideal market, consumers act as a check upon the power of the producers, in a health care market suppliers and producers are predominant (Donaldson Gerard, 2005). Consequently, left to its own devices, the health care market would be subject to endemic failure characterised by problems of distribution, resource inequalities and an absence of price controls (Walshe Smith, 2011). It is for this reason that the government tends to intervene more directly in the health care market than in the food market. Government intervention in the health care market is required to regulate the marketplace, establish the parameters for prices, and allocate and fund scarce resources (Mills, 2011). Without government intervention, the public costs of consumption would exceed the private costs of production (Mills, 2011). Conclusion The Member of Parliament who raised the question has failed to grasp two important points. Firstly, although, from a theoretical vantage point, rights are universal, in practice rights are characterised by hierarchy. In Britain, the right to health care is of more practical value than the right to food. Secondly, because consumers are not sovereign, the health care market is susceptible to market failure. Although the existence of market failure and/or market inequalities is not in itself a reason for government intervention, the extent of the distortions and pervasive incentives that arise in health care renders government intervention in the funding and regulation of the health care market an economic necessity. b) What do you think should be the objectives of a health care system? How would you finance and organise the system to achieve this? Introduction At the dawn of the twenty first century, health care is arguably the most contested area of public policy with the legitimacy of governments depending in large part upon the ability to meet the health needs of ageing populations in times of deep economic uncertainty (Buse et al, 2012). The centrality afforded to health care therefore demands that policy-makers have clear objectives and goals so as to set attainable long and short-term agendas for public health care delivery. This essay will examine the issue of objectives in greater detail, looking in particular at the goals of health care in the contemporary era. In addition, the essay will consider the ways in which the state should finance and organise the system in order to meet its objectives. Over the course of the essay, it will be necessary to discuss problems such as raising funds, paying doctors and financing hospitals and other front-line services. The Objectives of the Health Care System The core objective of any health care system should be two-fold. On the one hand, a health care system should endeavour to improve the health and wellbeing of all of the people who use the system regardless of wealth (Mahon, 2011). On the other hand, a health care system should look to reduce the economic burden of disease upon the state (Robinson, 2011). However, these two objectives cannot be achieved in isolation. For example, aiming to improve the wealth of the population demands that the health care system improves access to primary health care (Mahon, 2011). Likewise, reducing the burden of disease demands that health care systems improve the cost effectiveness of health services, and recruit the best medical professionals available to deliver health care (Donaldson Gerard, 2005). Therefore, the core objectives of the health care system are undermined by an unresolved tension between social and economic goals: where social goals outline the primacy of equity, economic objectiv es underscore the importance of efficiency; likewise where social goals consider quantity, economic objectives emphasise quality (Maynard, 2005). As a result, the objectives of the health care system are determined by the nature of the institutional mix between public and private health care providers (Maynard, 2005). Financing and Organising the Health Care System to Achieve Objectives In order to examine how to finance and organise a health care system, it is essential to contemplate the question of opportunity cost. As Donaldson and Gerard (2005) attest, the principle of opportunity cost is constructed upon the premise that purchasing one item inevitably involves a trade-off against another. For example, a health care manager who decides to invest in a particular treatment cannot do so for a different treatment. Thus, the true cost of the allocation of scarce resources is the inability to pay for other resources that the health system requires (Wiseman, 2011). Therefore, opportunity costs suggests that there is always a trade-off between equity and efficiency (Maynard, 2005). This has been particularly prevalent in the NHS where certain areas of the health care system (for instance, coronary disease) have been prioritised over others (for example, mental health) (Ham, 2009). Financing and organising the health care system therefore demands that public health agen cies incorporate the private sector into models of economic development (Balduzzi, 2011). Public-private partnerships (PPPs) have already become a staple feature of health care economics (Klein, 2005). PPPs allow the state to shunt the responsibility for financing the building, operation and design of hospitals and other clinical and non-clinical services to private sector contractors in the guise of Special Purpose Vehicles (SPVs) (Broadbent Laughlin, 2005). Although PPPs have been criticised for increasing the risk of financing health services back onto the public sector, the merging of public sector interests with private sector imperatives represents an ideal means of alleviating the economic burden of funding health care from the state (Klein, 2005). In particular, institutional diversity is able to address the problem of opportunity cost when there is only the one health care provider (Broadbent Laughlin, 2005). PPPs should thus remain a central means of financing and organising health care services. In addition, in order to raise funds, public health care providers should look to fuse taxation with income from patient charges (Donaldson, 2011). Moreover, significant funds can be raised from public health providers treating private patients. For example, NHS Foundation Trusts (FTs) have seen income from private patients increase by 16 per cent in the past two years, totalling  £395.9 million in 2014-15 (Health Investor, 2015). Private sector initiatives can also be used to help to pay for the expertise that is required to deliver quality health services (Donaldson, 2011). Research undertaken by Donaldson (2011), for example, suggests that doctors respond positively to financial incentives (i.e. remuneration per consultation or per operation). Although financial incentives have been criticised for leading to over-recommend of health services, there is little evidence that this is an inevitable by-product of market-based remuneration (Donaldson, 2011). Contractual performance-rel ated pay where wages are linked to market economies would therefore represent the most viable means of paying for and retaining the best medical staff in order to deliver the objectives of the health care system (Tofts, 2011). Conclusion The objectives of the health care system are both economic and social. On the one hand, a health care system should endeavour to improve the health and wellbeing of the population through improving access to care. On the other hand, a health care system should aim to reduce the burden of disease by improving the quality of health care provision. However, the problem of opportunity cost suggests that there is always a trade-off between efficiency and equity. It is therefore proposed that health care systems are financed and organised according to a public-private model. This, in turn, would help to build hospitals and other front-line services, pay doctors and raise funds for the allocation of resources. In the final analysis, quantity and quality can only be established by locating alternative means of financing and organising the health care system.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   References Balduzzi, P. (2011) Models of public-private partnerships for the provision of goods, in, Journal of Economics and Politics, 23(2): 271-296 Broadbent, J. and Laughlin, R. (2005) The development of contracting in the context of infrastructure investment in the UK: the case of the Private Finance Initiative in the National Health Service, in, International Public Management Journal, 6(2): 173-197 Buse, K., Mays, N. and Walt, G. (2012) Making Health Policy: Second Edition Maidenhead: The Open University Press Donaldson, C. and Gerard, K. (2005) Economics of Health care Financing: The Visible Hand: Second Edition London: Palgrave Macmillan Donaldson, C. (2011) Credit Crunch Health Care: How Economics Can Save Our Publicly-Funded Health Care Systems Bristol: Policy Press Donnelly, J. (2013) Universal Human Rights in Theory and Practice: Third Edition New York: Cornell University Press Guinness, L. and Wiseman, V. (2011) Health care markets and efficiency, in, Guinness, L. and Wiseman, V. (Eds.) Introduction to Health Economics: Second Edition Maidenhead: The Open University Press, pp.117-132 Ham, C. (2009) Health Policy in Britain: Sixth Edition London: Palgrave Macmillan Harvey, D. (2011) The Enigma of Capital and the Crises of Capitalism London: Profile Health Investor (2015) NHS private pay income up 14% in two years. In Health Investor [online], available at, http://www.healthinvestor.co.uk/ShowArticle.aspx?ID=4259 (first accessed 24.10.15) Klein, R. (2005) The public-private mix in the UK, in, Maynard, A. (Ed.) The Public-Private Mix for Health Oxford: The Nuffield Trust, pp.43-62 Macklem, P. (2015) The Sovereignty of Human Rights Oxford: Oxford University Press Mahon, A. (2011) Health and wellbeing: the wider context for health care management, in, Walshe, K. and Smith, J. (Eds.) Healthcare Management: Second Edition Maidenhead: The Open University Press, pp.96-119 Maynard, A. (2005) Enduring problems in health care delivery, in, Maynard, A. (Ed.) The Public-Private Mix for Health Oxford: The Nuffield Trust, pp.293-310 Mills, A. (2011) Health systems in low and middle income countries, in, Glied, S. and Smith, P.C. (Eds.) The Oxford Handbook of Health Economics Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp.30-57 Montgomery, J.D. (2002) Is there a hierarchy of human rights? in Journal of Human Rights, 1(3): 373-385 Robinson, S. (2011) Financing health care: funding systems and health care costs, in, Walshe, K. and Smith, J. (Eds.) Healthcare Management: Second Edition Maidenhead: The Open University Press, pp.37-64 Taylor, M.P. and Mankiw, G. (2014) Economics: Third Edition London: Pearson Tofts, A. (2011) Managing resources, in, Walshe, K. and Smith, J. (Eds.) Healthcare Management: Second Edition Maidenhead: The Open University Press, pp.399-417 Walshe, K. and Smith, J. (2011) Introduction: the current and future challenges of healthcare management, in, Walshe, K. and Smith, J. (Eds.) Healthcare Management: Second Edition Maidenhead: The Open University Press, pp.1-12 Wiseman, V. (2011) Key concepts in health economics, in, Guinness, L. and Wiseman, V. (Eds.) Introduction to Health Economics: Second Edition Maidenhead: The Open University Press, pp.7-29 Wiseman, V. and Jan, S. (2011) A simple model of demand, in, Guinness, L. and Wiseman, V. (Eds.) Introduction to Health Economics: Second Edition Maidenhead: The Open University Press, pp.37-54

Mini Dialectic Journal

This old lore I had forgotten; else I was not here. In the first scene, we see Teiresias brought in front of Oedipus to talk about the prophecy. He knows the true identity of the King, but feels like it is a burden for him to know it at all. He knows that it wouldn’t profit him to know the truth about Oedipus and the prophecy. He regrets being there, and wished that if he could have just forgotten it, then he won’t have to be in that place. As a prophet, Teiresias felt compelled to tell the truth though he knows that it won’t benefit him. He got dragged in the situation that’s why it’s really is burdensome for him. Ode 1 – CHORUS: Sore perplexed am I by the words of the master seer. Are they true, are they false? I know not and bridle my tongue for fear, Fluttered with vague surmise; nor present nor future is clear. Quarrel of ancient date or in days still near know I none Twixt the Labdacidan house and our ruler, Polybus' son. Proof is there none: how then can I challenge our King's good name, How in a blood-feud join for an untracked deed of shame? In this part, the chorus is somewhat doubting Teiresias and is siding with Oedipus. They’re saying that what the old prophet’s words were confusing, and because of this ambiguity, there is a hint of doubt in the prophecy. They dare not challenge the integrity of the good King Oedipus, as there is not much proof in what the prophet is saying. Because of this, none of them really knows what lies ahead in the future. Scene 2 – CREON: Were not his wits and vision all astray, when upon me he fixed this monstrous charge? When Oedipus and Teiresias argued, it unfolded to the King that someone would dethrone him, and it was Creon. Creon, brazened, stood up to question his King’s assumptions. He reasoned out that the prophet may be out of his mind when he said such things to Oedipus, which he shouldn’t believe much of what he says. Ode 2 – CHORUS: My lot be still to lead   The life of innocence and fly Irreverence in word or deed,   To follow still those laws ordained on high Whose birthplace is the bright ethereal sky No mortal birth they own, Olympus their progenitor alone: Ne'er shall they slumber in oblivion cold, The god in them is strong and grows not old. Still, Oedipus is devoid of the truth. He consults the gods, yet none of them seems to hear his woes and prayers. As a King who knows nothing about himself, he feels fear, anger and pity for himself. All he wanted to know was who his true parents are, but how will he now about it, if there’s know hope left for him to find the truth. Scene 3 – JOCASTA: My greetings to thee, stranger; thy fair words Deserve a like response. But tell me why Thou comest—what thy need or what thy news. Jocasta receives a visitor, who came to tell them that Polybus, Oedipus’ father has died. She thought that because of this, Oedipus was freed of the prophecy, only to find out that Polybus was really not the King’s father. Jocasta thought it was great news at first, only to find out that it would be a nail in the coffin for them. The visitor finally confirmed that Polybus and Merope were not Oedipus’ real parents. Ode 3 – CHORUS: Child, who bare thee, nymph or goddess? sure thy sure was more than man, Haply the hill-roamer Pan. Of did Loxias beget thee, for he haunts the upland wold; Or Cyllene's lord, or Bacchus, dweller on the hilltops cold? Did some Heliconian Oread give him thee, a new-born joy? Nymphs with whom he love to toy? At this part, the chorus questions that the real parents of Kind Oedipus, as the King himself doesn’t know anything about it. All that has unfolded to him that moment was realizations that he grew up knowing nothing about his own self, and as the truths became known, slowly he understands that there is a possibility that the prophecy about him has already been fulfilled. Scene 4 – OEDIPUS: Ah me! Ah me! All brought to pass, all true! O light, may I behold thee nevermore! I stand a wretch, in birth, in wedlock cursed, A parricide, incestuously, triply cursed! This part is the bitter realization that it was really him who’s mentioned in the prophecy, as confirmed by the shepherd. He killed his own father, and married his own mother Jocasta. He wasn’t able to bear all the bitter realizations in the end, despite all his greatness as a king. He was still a human being, weak at heart. Ode 4 – CHORUS: O heavy hand of fate! Who now more desolate, Whose tale more sad than thine, whose lot more dire? This is the summary of emotions felt in the story. Oedipus feels nothing but sadness, as his life has been full of lies. As he discovers the truth about himself, he learns that the prophecy has been true. He is the murderer of his father and had an incestuous relationship with his mother. Nothing could be worst that what he experienced. Exodos – OEDIPUS: Dark, dark! The horror of darkness, like a shroud, Wraps me and bears me on through mist and cloud. Ah me, ah me! What spasms athwart me shoot, What pangs of agonizing memory? After knowing the truth bout his life, Oedipus blinded himself, and has exiled himself away from the city. The haunting memory of his past would always be with him, that’s why he could not bear live in the light. Works Cited: â€Å"Sophocles' Oedipus the King†.   2000. April 1 2008. . Segal, Charles. Oedipus Tyrannus: Tragic Heroism and the Limits of Knowledge. 2nd ed. New York: Oxford University Publishing, 2001. SparkNotes. â€Å"Oedipus Plays†.   2006. April 1 2008. . —. â€Å"Oedipus the King†.   2006. April 1 2008. .   

What Happened to the Mayan Civilization

Week 2 Assignment 1 Michael McCue HUM111 World Cultures I Dr. Andrew N Allphin 16 October 2012 †¢No one can say for certain what happened to the Mayan people, but theories abound and include varied possible alternatives to explain the abrupt and mysterious disappearance of the Mayan civilization. Many historians have questioned â€Å"how† or â€Å"why† the Mayan civilization disappeared after the 10th century; however there is no definitive answer to this question.One possible theory is the Mayan’s civilization grew to such an extent that they deforested so much of the region that it had significant climate changes, thereby forcing the Mayan people to immigrate to other regions (Server, 2004), this theory has some scientific background, and scientists have used satellites to study the topsoil of Central America. They found that right before the civilization collapse, the sediment had changed from tree pollen to weed pollen, suggesting there were no more tree s in the area.The result of a treeless environment is the erosion of fertile topsoil, warmer climate, and a possible reduction of precipitation. Since the Mayans depended on water reservoirs from precipitation, this would have had a detrimental effect. Another theory surrounding the disappearance of the Mayan people is consistent droughts that took place preceding the tenth century and the reduction of civilization through various wars caused the Mayan civilization to dwindle down to virtual extinction.While both theories sound relevant, scientific data is also consistent to what is happening the region of Central and South American and the deforestation of the rain forest. Perhaps history is only repeating itself. References Medina-Elizalde, M. & Rohling, E. J. (2012). Collapse of Classic Maya Civilization Related to Modest Reduction in Precipitation. Science 24 February 2012, Vol. 335 no. 6071 pp. 956-959. DOI:10. 1126/science. 1216629 Sever, T. (2004). The Rise and Fall of the Ma yan Empire. [email  protected] Headline News. Retrieved from http://science. nasa. gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2004/15nov_maya/[pic][pic]

The Spoils System Definition and Summary

The Spoils System was the name given to the practice of hiring and firing federal workers when presidential administrations changed in the 19th century. It is also known as the patronage system. The practice began during the administration of President Andrew Jackson, who took office in March 1829. Jackson supporters portrayed it as a necessary and overdue effort at reforming the federal government. Jacksons political opponents had a very different interpretation, as they considered his method to be a corrupt use of political patronage. And the term Spoils System was intended to be a derogatory nickname. The phrase came from a speech by Senator William L. Marcy of New York. While defending the actions of the Jackson administration in a speech in the U.S. Senate, Marcy famously said, to the victor belong the spoils. Intended as a Reform Under Jackson When Andrew Jackson took office in March 1829, after the bruising election of 1828, he was determined to change the way the federal government operated. And, as might be expected, he ran into considerable opposition. Jackson was by nature very suspicious of his political opponents. As he took office he was still quite angry at his predecessor, John Quincy Adams. The way Jackson saw things, the federal government was full of people who were opposed to him. When Jackson felt that some of his initiatives were being blocked, he became incensed. His solution was to come up with an official program to remove people from federal jobs and replace them with employees considered loyal to his administration. Other administrations going back to that of George Washington had hired loyalists, of course, but under Jackson, the purging of people thought to be political opponents became official policy. To Jackson and his supporters, it was a welcome change. Stories were circulated claiming that elderly men who were no longer able to perform their jobs were still filling positions to which they had been appointed by George Washington nearly 40 years earlier. Spoils System Denounced as Corruption Jacksons policy of replacing federal employees was bitterly denounced by his political opponents. But they were essentially powerless to fight against it. Jacksons political ally (and future president) Martin Van Buren was at times credited with having created the new policy, as his New York political machine, known as the Albany Regency, had operated in a similar fashion. Published reports in the 19th century claimed that Jacksons policy accounted for nearly 700 government officers losing their jobs in 1829, the first year of his presidency. In July 1829, a newspaper report claiming the mass firings of federal employees actually affected the economy of the city of Washington, with merchants unable to sell goods. That may have been exaggerated, but there is no doubt that Jacksons policy was controversial. In January 1832 Jacksons perennial enemy, Henry Clay, became involved. He assailed Senator Marcy of New York in a Senate debate, accusing the loyal Jacksonian of bringing corrupt practices from the New York political machine to Washington. In his exasperated retort to Clay, Marcy defended the Albany Regency, declaring: They see nothing wrong in the rule that to the victor belong the spoils. The phrase was widely quoted, and it became notorious. Jacksons opponents cited it often as an example of blatant corruption that rewarded political supporters with federal jobs. Spoils System Reformed in 1880s Presidents who took office after Jackson all followed the practice of doling out federal jobs to political supporters. There are many stories, for instance, of President Abraham Lincoln, at the height of the Civil War, being endlessly annoyed by officer-seekers who would come to the White House to plead for jobs. The Spoils System was criticized for decades, but what ultimately led to its reform was a shockingly violent act  in the summer of 1881, the shooting of President James Garfield by a disappointed and deranged office seeker. Bettmann/Getty Images   Garfield died on September 19, 1881, 11 weeks after being shot by Charles Guiteau at a Washington, D.C. train station. The shooting of President Garfield helped inspire the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act, which created civil servants, federal workers who were not hired or fired as a result of politics. The Man Who Coined the Phrase Senator Marcy of New York, whose retort to Henry Clay gave the Spoils System its name, was unfairly vilified, according to his political supporters. Marcy did not intend his comment to be an arrogant defense of corrupt practices, which is how it has often been portrayed. Incidentally, Marcy had been a hero in the War of 1812  and served as governor of New York for 12 years after briefly serving in the U.S. Senate. He later served as the secretary of war under President James K. Polk. Marcy later helped negotiate the Gadsden Purchase while serving as secretary of state under President Franklin Pierce. Mount Marcy, the highest point in New York State, is named for him. Yet, despite a long and distinguished government career, William Marcy is best remembered for inadvertently giving the Spoils System its notorious name.